e)
Let (u = y(s)). Then (du = y’(s),ds).
f)
Let (u=v(x)).
g)
Let (u=u(x)).
h)
Let (u=v(t)).
i)
Let (u=y(t)).
j)
Let (u=u(x)).
k)
Let (u=y(x)).
l)
Use (1+^2 u = ^2 u). Let (u=y(x)).
If you’d like, I can rewrite them in a more compact list or show derivative checks.